Muscles
Levator scapulae
Classic cause of the 'stiff neck' that won't rotate — sharp pain at the angle of the neck and shoulder.
Overview
Runs from the transverse processes of C1–C4 to the superior medial border of the scapula. Elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula. Trigger points create the characteristic limitation in cervical rotation and side bending toward the painful side.
Trigger point locations
Main trigger point sits at the superior angle of the scapula where the muscle attaches; a second point higher up where it crosses the upper trapezius.
Referred pain pattern
Angle of the neck and shoulder, along the vertebral border of the scapula and into the posterior shoulder.
Palpation & testing
With the patient prone or seated, find the superior medial angle of the scapula and apply oblique pressure. Reproducing the patient's stiffness confirms involvement.
Common causes
Holding a phone between ear and shoulder, carrying heavy bags, sleeping with the head rotated, prolonged stress posture.
Self-care & clinical treatment
Stretching with chin tucked and head rotated 30–45° away, ergonomic correction. Clinically responds well to dry needling and contract-relax techniques.
Symptoms commonly linked
References
- • Travell & Simons, Vol. 1