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Physio Energy

Methodology

Each page is written from a small set of trusted sources in the trigger-point and pain-science literature, then edited for clarity and consistency. Templates ensure every muscle page covers the same fields (overview, trigger-point locations, referred pain, palpation, causes, self-care) and every symptom page lists likely muscles involved and clinical notes.

Translations are reviewed by a native speaker before publication. If a translation is pending, we show the English content with a notice rather than publishing a low-quality machine translation.

Pages are reviewed periodically and updated when references change or new evidence becomes available.

Editorial process

1. Research: each topic starts from the trigger-point literature (Travell & Simons) and current studies found in PubMed and PMC. 2. Drafting: a writer from the Physio Energy team prepares the page using a fixed template, so every muscle page covers location, referred pain, palpation, causes, self-care and treatment in the same order. 3. Clinical review: Marco Aruffo, physiotherapist in clinical practice since 2006, checks anatomy, referral maps, safety warnings and every treatment claim against its source. 4. Translation: Italian and Spanish versions are prepared from the reviewed English text using anatomical nomenclature, then checked by a native speaker.

How we choose sources

We cite peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews and recognised clinical textbooks. Where evidence is weak or contested — for example on palpation reliability or the mechanism of trigger points — we say so and cite the critical literature too. We never use general health blogs, forums or commercial product pages as sources.

Update policy

Pages are re-reviewed at least once a year and whenever an important new study or guideline is published. The date shown on each page and in our sitemap reflects the last real content change. Reported errors are checked by the clinical reviewer and corrected, normally within ten working days.

Limits

This is educational content. It cannot examine you, and it is not a substitute for assessment by a qualified clinician. Invasive techniques such as dry needling or injections are described for information only and must be performed by trained professionals.