Expert interview · Ticchi Method
Ticchi Method: trigger points with Francesco Ticchi
Pain and MRI findings do not always tell the same story. Francesco Ticchi explains how he assesses trigger points by listening to the patient.
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Francesco Ticchi
Italian physiotherapist, trigger-point expert and teacher of the Ticchi Method
Interview by TriggerPointsExpert
Last updated:
“Images show anatomical structures, not the causes of pain.”
Ticchi Method and trigger points: the person before the MRI
Question 1
When a patient has both an active trigger point and a “positive” radiology report (for example, a disc protrusion or osteoarthritis), what is the first test you perform to decide where to start treatment, and what makes you change your mind during the assessment?
Francesco Ticchi’s answer
Patient history: listen before looking at reports
My consultation never starts with the MRI or X-rays, but with the person: it always begins with the patient history. If I do not first listen to the patient’s story, how can I truly understand what they are experiencing?
Looking at reports before understanding the actual symptoms is one of the biggest mistakes a healthcare professional can make.
Images show anatomical structures, not pain.
Myogenic, nociceptive or neuropathic pain: the clinical hypothesis
Several problems or dysfunctions often coexist in the same patient, but almost always one predominates and is responsible for the main symptom. Listening carefully already helps establish a direction: is the pain myogenic (muscle tissue/trigger points), nociceptive (joint or tissue inflammation), or neuropathic (nerve root irritation)?
Only after forming a clinical hypothesis do I move on to the physical examination.
Physical examination: clinical tests and trigger-point palpation
Clinical tests should confirm what listening has suggested.
If I suspect a neurological problem, I perform neurodynamic tests.
If the hypothesis is nociceptive or joint-related, I proceed with passive mobility and provocation tests.
If the presentation suggests myofascial dysfunction, I apply specific palpation and differentiation protocols to map active trigger points precisely, and perform specific tests that I have developed.
Diagnostic uncertainty and the role of imaging
There is always a margin of uncertainty in medicine, but studying the pain signs of each tissue in depth helps minimise clinical error.
Only at the end of the assessment do I open the investigation reports.
I read them to check for contraindications or anatomical confirmation, but I do not let them dictate the diagnosis: the person’s clinical response remains the priority.
Herniations, protrusions and osteoarthritis do not automatically explain all pain
Thinking that herniations, protrusions or osteoarthritis automatically cause every pain is a myth: someone who treats only the image rather than the patient risks getting the diagnosis wrong in most cases.
Editorial note: clinical experience and scientific evidence
This first answer opens TriggerPointsExpert’s interview with Francesco Ticchi about clinical reasoning in the Ticchi Method. The first-person text expresses his professional approach; headings and section divisions are editorial. The English and Spanish versions translate his Italian answer. No practical demonstration of Ticchi’s self-developed tests is provided, and their independent validation is not documented here.
Research helps put the relationship between reports and pain in context: a systematic review found degenerative spinal changes in people without symptoms (Brinjikji 2015). This does not make MRI or X-rays useless, nor does it prove that pain must be muscular: findings should be interpreted alongside patient history and clinical examination. Reviews of palpation also identify reliability limitations in trigger-point identification (Lucas 2009; Rathbone 2017).
The categories in the answer are a clinical shorthand, not mutually exclusive compartments: muscle pain can be nociceptive, and neuropathic pain is not limited to nerve root irritation. For low back pain or sciatica, the quadratus lumborum and piriformis pages let readers explore referred-pain maps without replacing an individual assessment. The interview does not advise delaying clinically indicated investigations.
For the terminology and interpretation used here, compare What are trigger points?; Primary vs secondary trigger points; How to read referred pain maps. These guides distinguish the definition of a trigger point, its classification and the limits of a referred-pain map.
Muscles covered
Symptoms covered
Studies cited
Every claim in this article traces back to one of the sources below.
- Brinjikji 2015 — Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Populations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36(4):811–816 ↗
- Lucas 2009 — Reliability of physical examination for diagnosis of myofascial trigger points: a systematic review of the literature. Clin J Pain 2009;25(1):80-9 ↗
- Rathbone 2017 — Interrater agreement of manual palpation for identification of myofascial trigger points: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Pain 2017;33(8):715-29 ↗
Related articles
- Your MRI is not a diagnosis: what scans show in people without pain
- The piriformis: the muscle that imitates sciatica from deep in the buttock
- Low back pain that flares when you stand: a step-by-step quadratus lumborum treatment plan
- Hip pain when you lie on your side: the gluteal trigger points behind it

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