Muscles

Semispinalis capitis

Strong head extensor; rotates the head slightly.

Referred pain map

Semispinalis capitis & multifidi — three suboccipital locations (A); upper semispinalis capitis refers a band across the temple and around the eye (B); middle fibers refer to the back of the head (C); deep multifidi at C4–C5 refer to the top of the shoulder and medial scapular border (D).

Overview

Strong head extensor; rotates the head slightly. Trigger points here are common in everyday and athletic populations and frequently contribute to the referred pain patterns described below.

Trigger point locations

Posterior neck along the spinous processes, deep to splenius.

Referred pain pattern

Band-like pain wrapping the head from occiput to temple.

Palpation & testing

Palpate the muscle belly along its accessible course. Reproduction of the patient's familiar pain on palpation supports involvement.

Common causes

Forward head posture, sustained extension, whiplash, anxiety bracing.

Self-care & clinical treatment

Postural retraining, chin tucks. Clinically: needling and gentle traction.

Symptoms commonly linked

Tension headache
Cervicogenic headache
Neck pain

References

• Travell & Simons — Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction